衛(wèi)星物聯(lián)網(wǎng)容量增強的波束優(yōu)化設(shè)計技術(shù)研究

劉子威; 徐圓圓; 邊東明; 張更新

doi:10.11999/JEIT231120

衛(wèi)星物聯(lián)網(wǎng)容量增強的波束優(yōu)化設(shè)計技術(shù)研究

doi: 10.11999/JEIT231120

1.
南京郵電大學(xué)通信與信息工程學(xué)院南京 210003
2.
陸軍工程大學(xué)通信工程學(xué)院南京 210007

基金項目: 國家自然科學(xué)基金(61971440, 62271266, U21A20450)，江蘇省自然科學(xué)基金重大項目(BK20192002)

詳細(xì)信息

作者簡介:
劉子威：男，博士，副教授，研究方向為衛(wèi)星通信、干擾分析、多用戶檢測、自適應(yīng)陣列處理、通信信號處理

徐圓圓：女，碩士生，研究方向為衛(wèi)星通信、隨機(jī)接入

邊東明：男，博士，教授，研究方向為衛(wèi)星通信、深空通信

張更新：男，博士，教授，研究方向為衛(wèi)星通信、深空通信、空間信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)

通訊作者:
劉子威　lzw@njupt.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TN927.2
計量
- 文章訪問數(shù): 114
- HTML全文瀏覽量: 32
- PDF下載量: 28
- 被引次數(shù): 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-17
- 修回日期: 2024-06-17
- 網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版日期: 2024-12-24
- 刊出日期: 2025-01-31

Research on Beam Optimization Design Technology for Capacity Enhancement of Satellite Internet of Things

1.
School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
2.
College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61971440, 62271266, U21A20450), The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province Major Project (BK20192002).

摘要

摘要: 衛(wèi)星物聯(lián)網(wǎng)終端低功耗、輕控制的設(shè)計需求導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)采用常規(guī)隨機(jī)接入?yún)f(xié)議時易發(fā)生大量碰撞，難以滿足系統(tǒng)吞吐量要求?，F(xiàn)有容碰撞隨機(jī)接入技術(shù)依賴功率控制、波形積累的方式，在實際中難以實現(xiàn)。該文分析了功率域碰撞分離所需條件，提出面向功率域信號分離的輔助波束設(shè)計方案，在常規(guī)接收波束外增設(shè)輔助接收波束，通過優(yōu)化輔助波束增益構(gòu)造接收信號信噪比差異，支撐碰撞信號分離。仿真表明，所提方案能夠顯著提升隨機(jī)接入的吞吐量。
- 衛(wèi)星物聯(lián)網(wǎng) /
- 隨機(jī)接入 /
- 信號分離 /
- 波束形成
Abstract: Objective Under the hundreds of kilometers of transmission distance in low-orbit satellite communication, both power consumption and latency are significantly higher than that in ground-based networks. Additionally, many data collection services exhibit short burst characteristics. Conventional resource reservation-based access methods have extremely low resource utilization, whereas dynamic application-based access methods incur large signaling overhead and fail to meet the latency and power consumption requirements for satellite Internet of Things (IoT). Random access technology, which involves competition for resources, can better accommodate the short burst data packet services typical of satellite IoT. However, as the load increases, data packet collisions at satellite access points lead to a sharp decline in actual throughput under medium and high loads. In terrestrial wireless networks, technologies such as near-far effect management and power control are commonly employed to create differences in packet reception power. However, due to the large number of terminals covered and the long distance between the satellite and the Earth, these techniques are unsuitable for satellite IoT, preventing the establishment of an adequate carrier-to-noise ratio. Developing separation conditions suitable for satellite IoT access scenarios is a key research focus. Considering the future development of spaceborne digital phased array technology, this paper leverages the data-driven beamforming capability of the on-board phased array and introduces the concept of spatial auxiliary channels. By employing a sum-and-difference beam design method, it expands the dimensions for separating collision signals beyond the time, frequency, and energy domains. This approach imposes no additional processing burdens on the terminal and aligns with the low power consumption and minimal control design principles for satellite IoT. Methods To address packet collision issues in hotspot areas of satellite IoT services, this study extends the conventional time-slot ALOHA access framework by introducing an auxiliary receiving beam alongside the random access of conventional receiving beams. The main and auxiliary beams simultaneously receive signals from the same terminal. By optimizing the main lobe gain of the auxiliary beam, a difference in the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) between the signals received by the main and auxiliary beams is established. This difference is then separated using Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) technology, leveraging the correlation between the received signals of the auxiliary and main beams to support the separation of collision signals and ensure reliable reception of satellite IoT signals. Results and Discussions Firstly, the system throughput of the proposed scheme is simulated (Fig. 4). The theoretical throughput derived in the previous section is consistent with the simulation results. When the normalized load reached 1.8392, the maximum system throughput is 0.81085 packet/slot. Compared with existing methods such as SA, CRDSA, and IRSA, the proposed scheme demonstrated improved system throughput and packet loss rate performance in both peak and high-load regions, with a peak throughput increase of approximately 120%. Secondly, the influence of amplitude, phase, and angle measurement errors on system performance is evaluated. The angle measurement error had a greater effect on throughput performance than amplitude and phase errors. Amplitude and phase errors had a smaller effect on the main lobe gain but a larger effect on the sidelobe gain (Tables 3～5). Therefore, angle measurement errors have a considerable effect on throughput improvement. Regarding beamwidth, as beamwidth increased, the roll-off of the corresponding difference beam with 10 array elements is gentler than that with 32 array elements. However, the peak gain of the auxiliary beam decreased, leading to reduced system throughput for configurations with larger main lobe widths. Conclusions This paper presents an auxiliary beam design strategy for power-domain signal separation in satellite IoT scenarios, aiming to improve system throughput and packet loss rate performance. The approach incorporates spatial domain processing and proposes the concept of auxiliary receiving beams. By generating a difference beam derived from the main beam and using it as the auxiliary beam, the scheme constructs the required SNR difference for power-domain signal separation, enhancing the probability of successfully receiving collided signals. Simulation results indicate that, compared with SA, the peak system throughput increased by 120%, with significant improvements observed. Furthermore, the scheme demonstrated robustness by tolerating moderate system and measurement errors, facilitating large-capacity random access for satellite IoT terminals.
- Satellite internet of things /
- Random access /
- Signal separation /
- Beamforming

HTML全文

圖 1 衛(wèi)星物聯(lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)包上行隨機(jī)接入場景

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 碰撞數(shù)據(jù)包分離流程

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 3 輔助波束設(shè)計示意圖

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圖 4 基于輔助波束接入方案與SA/CRDSA/IRSA吞吐量性能對比

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 5 32陣元測角誤差下基于輔助波束接入方案性能

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

表 1 仿真參數(shù)

參數(shù)	數(shù)值
載波頻率(GHz)	2
陣元間隔(m)	波長/2
星地距離(km)	1000
終端發(fā)送功率(dBW)	–10
終端發(fā)送增益(dBi)	0
等效噪聲溫度(K)	290
帶寬(kHz)	20
分離門限(dB)	10

下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV

表 2 32陣元測角誤差下碰撞信號分離成功率(%)

碰撞數(shù)據(jù)包個數(shù)	無誤差	$\sigma = \dfrac{1}{{10}}\beta $	$\sigma = \dfrac{1}{5}\beta $
2	75	42.33	23.55
3	20.33	5.72	1.75
4	3.75	0.66	0.1
5	0.72	0.07248	0.0052
6	0.0667	0.0026	0.0002
7	0.028571	0.00051429	0

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表 3 測角誤差下系統(tǒng)吞吐量提升(%)

波束寬度(°)	無誤差	$\sigma = \dfrac{1}{{10}}\beta $	$\sigma = \dfrac{1}{5}\beta $
3.2	120.22	55.77	27.43
10.2	117.10	54.18	26.65

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表 4 幅相誤差下系統(tǒng)吞吐量提升(%)

波束寬度(°)	$ \begin{gathered} {\sigma _{\text{a}}} = 6\% \\ {\sigma _{\text{p}}} = 1\% \\ \end{gathered} $	$ \begin{gathered} {\sigma _{\text{a}}} = 10\% \\ {\sigma _{\text{p}}} = 5\% \\ \end{gathered} $
$3.2$	110.27	107.56
$10.2$	84.92	79.00

下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV

表 5 幅相誤差和測角誤差下系統(tǒng)吞吐量提升(%)

波束寬度(°)	$\sigma = \dfrac{1}{{10}}\beta $	$\sigma = \dfrac{1}{5}\beta $
3.2	56.23	28.76
10.2	48.49	16.75

下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV

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