基于熵編碼的立體視頻加密與信息隱藏算法
doi: 10.11999/JEIT190345
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1.
寧波大學(xué)信息科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院 寧波 315211
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2.
寧波大學(xué)科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院 寧波 315211
A Steganography Algorithm in Encrypted Stereoscopic Video Based on Entropy Coding
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1.
Faculty of Information Sciences and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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摘要: 針對(duì)立體視頻的安全性,該文提出一種基于熵編碼的立體視頻加密與信息隱藏算法。首先,結(jié)合立體視頻編碼結(jié)構(gòu),分析誤差漂移的物理機(jī)制,并根據(jù)立體視覺掩蔽效應(yīng),確定左右視點(diǎn)的加密幀和隱秘信息待嵌入幀。其次,在基于上下文自適應(yīng)二進(jìn)制算術(shù)編碼(CABAC)的熵編碼中,通過等長碼字替換技術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)立體視頻的加密和信息隱藏。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,視頻碼流經(jīng)加密與信息隱藏之后格式兼容、比特率不變,視頻感知質(zhì)量無明顯下降,在計(jì)算復(fù)雜度和碼率增加率上有顯著優(yōu)勢(shì)。
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關(guān)鍵詞:
- 立體視頻編碼 /
- 分層次B幀預(yù)測(cè) /
- 隱秘域信息隱藏 /
- 熵編碼
Abstract: For security of stereoscopic video, a video encryption and information hiding algorithm based on entropy coding is proposed. Firstly, with the analysis of Multi-view Video Coding (MVC), the physical mechanism of error drift is investigated. By applying the stereoscopic masking effect, the frames to be encrypted and the frames to be embedded are determined. Secondly, by using a Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) bin-string substitution technique, the encryption and data hiding of stereoscopic video are implemented. Experimental implementation reveals that the video stream has the format compatibility and the bit-rate remains unchanged after encryption and data hiding. The video quality degradation is negligible. The algorithm has significant advantages in computational complexity and rate increase. -
表 1 CABAC下MVD幅值的UEG3二值化串
abs(MVD) Bin-string TU prefix EG3 suffix 0 0 $ \vdots $ $ \vdots $ 8 111111110 9 111111111 0000 10 111111111 0001 $ \vdots $ $ \vdots $ $ \vdots $ 17 111111111 100000 18 111111111 100001 $ \vdots $ $ \vdots $ $ \vdots $ 33 111111111 11000000 34 111111111 11000001 $ \vdots $ $ \vdots $ $ \vdots $ 下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV
表 2 MVD幅值的二進(jìn)制串對(duì)
C0 C1 abs(MVD) EG3 abs(MVD) EG3 33 110 00000 34 110 00001 35 110 00010 36 110 00011 $ \vdots $ $ \vdots $ $ \vdots $ $ \vdots $ 下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV
表 3 各立體測(cè)試序列數(shù)據(jù)嵌入前后視頻質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)
序列 視點(diǎn) 嵌入容量(bit) PSNR SSIM VQM 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編碼 本文算法 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編碼 本文算法 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編碼 本文算法 Akko&Kayo 0 1555 44.98 44.90 0.9879 0.9879 0.5179 0.5357 1 3241 45.13 44.67 0.9884 0.9881 0.5262 0.6221 Ballroom 0 3534 42.33 42.27 0.9805 0.9805 0.7553 0.7862 1 5777 42.07 41.86 0.9793 0.9790 0.7567 0.8594 Exit 0 620 42.36 42.36 0.9673 0.9673 0.8138 0.8146 1 2136 42.26 42.20 0.9663 0.9661 0.8264 0.8660 Vassar 0 492 41.89 41.88 0.9657 0.9657 0.7802 0.7865 1 1087 41.82 41.77 0.9644 0.9643 0.7910 0.8273 Flamenco 0 1300 44.87 44.86 0.9871 0.9871 0.5892 0.5953 1 4905 45.41 45.10 0.9882 0.9881 0.5458 0.5937 下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV
序列 PSNR(dB) 數(shù)據(jù)可嵌入容量(bit GOP) BIR(×10–5) 文獻(xiàn)[4] 文獻(xiàn)[9] 本文 文獻(xiàn)[4] 文獻(xiàn)[9] 本文 文獻(xiàn)[4] 文獻(xiàn)[9] 本文 Akko&Kayo 44.903 45.012 44.788 122 1341 400 13.468 56.146 0.000 Ballroom 42.105 42.116 42.067 136 1700 776 12.831 71.329 0.000 Exit 42.282 42.243 42.280 114 1556 230 13.694 59.004 0.000 Vassar 41.832 41.788 41.826 96 1802 132 18.244 59.786 0.000 Flamenco 45.017 45.024 44.982 154 1211 517 17.344 51.969 0.000 Crowd 42.885 42.983 42.743 133 1693 425 17.682 59.682 0.000 下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV
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