基于回波序列最小二乘擬合的高分辨率SAR運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)速度估計(jì)

王超; 王巖飛; 王琦; 詹學(xué)麗

doi:10.11999/JEIT180695

基于回波序列最小二乘擬合的高分辨率SAR運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)速度估計(jì)

doi: 10.11999/JEIT180695

王超^{1, 2, ,},
王巖飛¹,
王琦¹,
詹學(xué)麗¹

1.
中國科學(xué)院電子學(xué)研究所 ??北京 ??100190
2.
中國科學(xué)院大學(xué) ??北京 ??100049

基金項(xiàng)目: 國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(2017YFB0503001)，國家自然科學(xué)基金(61471340)

詳細(xì)信息

作者簡介:
王超：男，1983年生，博士生，研究方向?yàn)镾AR信號(hào)處理等

王巖飛：男，1963年生，研究員，博士生導(dǎo)師，研究方向?yàn)槲⒉ǔ上窭走_(dá)系統(tǒng)及其理論、數(shù)字信號(hào)處理等

王琦：男，1976年生，副研究員，研究方向?yàn)镾AR信號(hào)處理等

詹學(xué)麗：男，1976年生，副研究員，研究方向?yàn)镾AR信號(hào)處理等

通訊作者:
王超　wangchao_thu@163.com

中圖分類號(hào): TN957.51
計(jì)量
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- 被引次數(shù): 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2018-07-13
- 修回日期: 2019-01-17
- 網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版日期: 2019-01-31
- 刊出日期: 2019-05-01

Velocity Estimation of Moving Targets Based on Least Square Fitting of High-resolution SAR Echo Sequences

Chao WANG^{1, 2
, ,},
Yanfei WANG¹,
Qi WANG¹,
Xueli ZHAN¹

1.
Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds: The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFB0503001), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61471340)

摘要

摘要:
運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)速度估計(jì)是機(jī)載單天線高分辨率合成孔徑雷達(dá)(SAR)實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)成像和定位的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。針對(duì)現(xiàn)有方法運(yùn)算量大、易受距離徙動(dòng)干擾等缺點(diǎn)，該文提出一種基于回波序列最小二乘擬合的速度估計(jì)方法。利用該方法，首先通過包絡(luò)相關(guān)提取相鄰回波序列的距離變化量，然后對(duì)其做最小二乘線性擬合，目標(biāo)的距離向速度和方位向速度可由擬合系數(shù)計(jì)算得到。與傳統(tǒng)方法相比，該方法不僅計(jì)算量小，而且無須先做距離徙動(dòng)校正(RCMC)。該文給出了新方法的數(shù)學(xué)模型和參數(shù)選取原則，分析了該方法的估計(jì)精度、計(jì)算量和適用條件，并通過仿真和實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)處理驗(yàn)證了該方法的有效性。
- 合成孔徑雷達(dá) /
- 運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)成像 /
- 速度估計(jì) /
- 回波序列 /
- 最小二乘擬合
Abstract:
Velocity estimation of moving targets is a key part of ground moving target imaging and positioning in airborne single-antenna high-resolution SAR system. In order to solute the defects of traditional algorithms, such as high computation brought by searching and interpolation and low reliability caused by range cell migration, a novel method based on least square fitting of echo sequence is proposed. Range changes between adjacent echo sequences are extracted using envelope correlation, and coefficients of range change equation are obtained by least square linear fitting, from which radial velocity and along-track velocity can be derived. Compared with the traditional algorithms, the new method has less computation and can work without RCMC. The mathematical model is presented and the principle of parameter selection is provided, and accuracy, computation and applicable conditions of the algorithm are analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated by simulation and real data.
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) /
- Ground Moving Target Imaging (GMTIm) /
- Velocity estimation /
- Echo sequence /
- Least square fitting

HTML全文

圖 1 運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)和載機(jī)的幾何關(guān)系

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圖 2 回波序列示意圖

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圖 3 本文算法流程圖

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圖 4 最小二乘擬合結(jié)果

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圖 5 運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)與靜止場景的合成SAR圖像

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表 1 雷達(dá)仿真參數(shù)

參數(shù)名稱	參數(shù)值
距離向點(diǎn)數(shù)	2048
方位向點(diǎn)數(shù)	32768
中心頻率(GHz)	15.6
距離向采樣率(GHz)	1
信號(hào)帶寬(MHz)	700
信號(hào)脈寬(μs)	2
飛機(jī)地速(m/s)	80
脈沖重復(fù)頻率(Hz)	1440
中心斜距(km)	15
目標(biāo)1距離向速度(m/s)	3
目標(biāo)1方位向速度(m/s)	–20
目標(biāo)2距離向速度(m/s)	–10
目標(biāo)2方位向速度(m/s)	–10

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表 2 勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)距離向速度估計(jì)結(jié)果

目標(biāo)編號(hào)	Hough變換速度估計(jì)結(jié)果 (m/s)	Hough變換估計(jì)相對(duì)誤差(%)	本文算法速度估計(jì)結(jié)果(m/s)	本文算法估計(jì)相對(duì)誤差(%)
目標(biāo)1	3.34	11.50	3.06	2.25
目標(biāo)2	–10.17	1.75	–9.92	0.80

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表 3 勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)方位向速度估計(jì)結(jié)果

目標(biāo)編號(hào)	MD速度估計(jì)結(jié)果(m/s)	MD估計(jì)相對(duì)誤差(%)	本文算法速度估計(jì)結(jié)果(m/s)	本文算法估計(jì)相對(duì)誤差(%)
目標(biāo)1	–20.50	2.54	–20.71	3.58
目標(biāo)2	–9.98	0.16	–10.06	0.60

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表 4 算法運(yùn)算時(shí)間(s)

目標(biāo)編號(hào)	Hough變換執(zhí)行時(shí)間	MD執(zhí)行時(shí)間	本文算法執(zhí)行時(shí)間
目標(biāo)1	2.96	32.26	0.50
目標(biāo)2	3.44	24.78	0.34

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表 5 加速運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)距離向速度估計(jì)結(jié)果

目標(biāo)編號(hào)	Hough變換速度估計(jì)結(jié)果 (m/s)	Hough變換估計(jì)相對(duì)誤差(%)	本文算法速度估計(jì)結(jié)果(m/s)	本文算法估計(jì)相對(duì)誤差(%)
目標(biāo)3	–13.50	35.00	–9.93	0.70

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表 7 加速運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)方位調(diào)頻率估計(jì)結(jié)果

目標(biāo)編號(hào)	MD速度估計(jì)結(jié)果(Hz/s)	MD估計(jì)相對(duì)誤差(%)	本文算法速度估計(jì)結(jié)果(Hz/s)	本文算法估計(jì)相對(duì)誤差(%)
目標(biāo)3	444.67	313.3	108.08	0.46

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表 6 加速運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)方位向速度估計(jì)結(jié)果

目標(biāo)編號(hào)	MD 速度估計(jì)結(jié)果(m/s)	MD估計(jì)相對(duì)誤差(%)	本文算法速度估計(jì)結(jié)果(m/s)	本文算法估計(jì)相對(duì)誤差(%)
目標(biāo)3	–173.24	1632.40	–45.49	354.90

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表 8 清除地雜波頻譜后的速度估計(jì)結(jié)果

波束角(°)	距離向速度估計(jì)結(jié)果(m/s)	距離向速度估計(jì)相對(duì)誤差(%)	方位向速度估計(jì)結(jié)果(m/s)	方位向速度估計(jì)相對(duì)誤差(%)
1	2.93	2.33	–21.83	9.15
3	3.27	9.00	–23.90	19.50
5	4.01	33.67	–24.93	24.65

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表 9 不同信噪比下的速度估計(jì)結(jié)果

信噪比(dB)	距離向速度估計(jì)結(jié)果(m/s)	距離向速度估計(jì)相對(duì)誤差(%)	方位向速度估計(jì)結(jié)果(m/s)	方位向速度估計(jì)相對(duì)誤差(%)
0	–9.92	0.80	–10.06	0.60
–20	–9.93	0.70	–9.68	3.20
–30	–9.74	2.60	–14.30	43.00

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表 10 實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)參數(shù)

參數(shù)名稱	參數(shù)值
距離向點(diǎn)數(shù)	733
方位向點(diǎn)數(shù)	32768
中心頻率(GHz)	15.6
距離向采樣率(GHz)	1
信號(hào)帶寬(MHz)	700
信號(hào)脈寬(μs)	60
飛機(jī)地速(m/s)	78
脈沖重復(fù)頻率(Hz)	1400
中心斜距(km)	33

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