失真代價(jià)動(dòng)態(tài)更新的自適應(yīng)彩色圖像隱寫(xiě)算法
doi: 10.11999/JEIT180388
-
解放軍戰(zhàn)略支援部隊(duì)信息工程大學(xué) ??鄭州 ??450001
Adaptive Color Image Steganography Based on Dynamic Distortion Modification
-
PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
-
摘要:
基于灰度圖像隱寫(xiě)算法直接應(yīng)用于彩色圖像引起的安全性問(wèn)題，該文針對(duì)彩色分量提出一種動(dòng)態(tài)更新失真代價(jià)的空域隱寫(xiě)算法。首先，分析了彩色分量?jī)?nèi)容特性與通道間相關(guān)性的關(guān)系，提出中心元素的失真更新準(zhǔn)則。隨后，考慮到隱寫(xiě)過(guò)程中鄰域分量嵌入修改產(chǎn)生的交互影響，得到維持鄰域相關(guān)性的最優(yōu)修改方式。最后，提出彩色分量的失真代價(jià)動(dòng)態(tài)更新策略(CCMS)，并應(yīng)用該策略設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種彩色圖像的空域自適應(yīng)隱寫(xiě)算法。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在5種嵌入率下HILL-CCMS，WOW-CCMS算法對(duì)彩色隱寫(xiě)特征CRM，SCCRM的抗檢測(cè)能力明顯高于HILL和WOW算法。
-
關(guān)鍵詞:
- 信息安全 /
- 自適應(yīng)隱寫(xiě) /
- 失真代價(jià)更新 /
- 彩色通道相關(guān)性
Abstract:Considering the possible security problems of directly extending steganographic schemes for gray-scale images to color images, an adaptive distortion-updated steganography method is put forward based on the Modification Strategy for Color Components (CCMS). First, the correlation between color components and RGB channels is analyzed, and the principle of distortion cost modification is proposed. Moreover, the optimal modification mode is conducted to maintain the statistical correlation of adjacent components. Finally, color image steganography schemes called CCMS are proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed HILL-CCMS and WOW-CCMS make great improvement over HILL and WOW methods under 5 embedding rates in resisting state-of-the-art color steganalytic methods such as CRM and SCCRM.
-
表 1 UCID圖像庫(kù)中4幅圖像的相關(guān)性系數(shù)值
序號(hào) HH HL LH LL R/G R/B G/B R/G R/B G/B R/G R/B G/B R/G R/B G/B 1 0.986 0.985 0.983 0.990 0.962 0.994 0.995 0.990 0.995 0.837 0.955 0.941 2 0.941 0.945 0.943 0.934 0.973 0.988 0.927 0.974 0.927 0.479 0.869 0.972 3 0.982 0.978 0.968 0.989 0.983 0.985 0.927 0.975 0.927 0.885 0.909 0.891 4 0.948 0.953 0.939 0.980 0.991 0.976 0.978 0.974 0.978 0.823 0.907 0.904 
下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV
表 2 3種修改模式的顏色分量修改組合
序號(hào) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Syn (0, 0, 0) (+1, +1, +1) (–1, –1, –1) – – – 1-Asyn (+1, 0, 0) (–1, 0, 0) (0, 0, +1) (0, 0, –1) (0, +1, +1) (–1, +1, +1) 2-Asyn (+1, 0, +1) (+1, 0, –1) (–1, 0, +1) (–1, 0, –1) (0, +1, 0) (–1, +1, –1) 序號(hào) 7 8 9 10 11 12 Syn – – – – – – 1-Asyn (+1, +1, 0) (+1, +1, –1) (0, –1, –1) (+1, –1, –1) (+1, –1, –0) (–1, –1, +1) 2-Asyn (–1, +1, 0) (0, +1, –1) (0, –1, 0) (+1, –1, 0) (0, –1, +1) (+1, –1, +1)
下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV
表 3 彩色分量不同修改模式下的抗隱寫(xiě)檢測(cè)能力
抗檢測(cè)性(%) Syn 1-Asyn 2-Asyn SRM 31.5290 31.0850 30.9980 CRM 35.9320 19.8730 2.9473 SCCRM 30.4530 19.9450 3.0272 GCRM 37.7660 21.6840 5.7357
下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV
表 4 4種隱寫(xiě)算法隱寫(xiě)后彩色圖像的平均峰值信噪比(dB)
嵌入率(bpc) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 WOW-CMD 39.034 37.516 35.371 33.246 30.617 HILL-CMD 38.915 37.482 35.268 32.192 29.781 WOW-CCMS 40.231 38.647 37.143 35.071 31.726 HILL-CCMS 39.873 38.534 36.894 34.735 31.084
下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV
表 5 6種算法對(duì)一幅尺寸為
$256 \times 256$ 的彩色圖像進(jìn)行隱寫(xiě)的平均執(zhí)行時(shí)間(s)嵌入率(bpc) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 WOW 0.4053 0.5012 0.5945 0.6931 0.8967 HILL 0.3018 0.3867 0.4733 0.5591 0.7078 WOW-CMD 0.6123 0.7108 0.8126 0.9128 1.4204 HILL-CMD 0.3742 0.4806 0.5768 0.6932 0.8974 WOW-CCMS 0.6397 0.7403 0.8431 0.9448 1.4532 HILL-CCMS 0.4027 0.5106 0.6093 0.7273 0.9356
下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV
-
DENEMARK T D, BOROUMAND M, and FRIDRICH J. Steganalysis features for content-adaptive JPEG steganography[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics & Security, 2017, 11(8): 1736–1746. doi: 10.1109/TIFS.2016.2555281 湯光明, 邊媛, 韋大偉, 等. 一種動(dòng)態(tài)更新失真代價(jià)的自適應(yīng)±k隱寫(xiě)算法[J]. 電子與信息學(xué)報(bào), 2017, 39(1): 58–65. doi: 10.11999/JEIT160254TANG Guangming, BIAN Yuan, WEI Dawei, et al. Adaptive ±k steganography based on dynamic updating distortion cost[J]. Journal of Electronics &Information Technology, 2017, 39(1): 58–65. doi: 10.11999/JEIT160254 TANG Weixuan, LI Bin, LUO Weiqi, et al. Clustering steganographic modification directions for color components[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2016, 23(2): 197–201. doi: 10.1109/LSP.2015.2504583 PEVNY T, FILLER T, and BAS P. Using high-dimensional image models to perform highly undetectable steganography[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2010, 6(6387): 161–177. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-16435-4_13 HOLUB V and FRIDRICH J. Designing steganographic distortion using directional filters[C]. IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security, Costa Adeje, Spain, 2012: 234–239. FRIDRICH J and KODOVSKY J. Rich models for steganalysis of digital images[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics & Security, 2012, 7(3): 868–882. doi: 10.1109/TIFS.2012.2190402 FRIDRICH J. Digital image steganography using universal distortion[C]. ACM Workshop on Information Hiding and Multimedia Security, Montpellier, France, 2013: 59–68. LI Bin, WANG Ming, HUANG Jiwu, et al. A new cost function for spatial image steganography[C]. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Quebec City, Canada, 2015: 4206–4210. GOLJAN M, FRIDRICH J, and COGRANNE R. Rich model for steganalysis of color images[C]. IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security, Roma, Italy, 2015: 185–190. ABDULRAHMAN H, CHAUMONT M, MONTESINOS P, et al. Color image stegananalysis using correlations between RGB channels[C]. International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, Toulouse, France, 2015: 448–454. ABDULRAHMAN H, CHAUMONT M, MONTESINOS P, et al. Color image steganalysis based on steerable Gaussian filters bank[C]. ACM Workshop on Information Hiding and Multimedia Security, Vigo, Spain, 2016: 109–114. LI Bin, WANG Ming, LI Xiaolong, et al. A strategy of clustering modification directions in spatial image steganography[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics & Security, 2015, 10(9): 1905–1917. doi: 10.1109/TIFS.2015.2434600 GUNTURK B K, ALTUNBASAK Y, and MERSEREAU R M. Color plane interpolation using alternating projections[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2002, 11(9): 997–1013. doi: 10.1109/TIP.2002.801121 SCHAEFER G and STICH M. UCID - An uncompressed colour image database[J]. Storage & Retrieval Methods & Applications for Multimedia, 2003, 5307: 472–480. doi: 10.1117/12.525375 DING Yong, ZHAO Yang, and ZHAO Xinyu. Image quality assessment based on multi-feature extraction and synthesis with support vector regression[J]. Signal Processing Image Communication, 2017, 54(3): 81–92. doi: 10.1016/j.image.2017.03.001 KODOVSKY J, FRIDRICH J, and HOLUB V. Ensemble classifiers for steganalysis of digital media[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics & Security, 2012, 7(2): 432–444. doi: 10.1109/TIFS.2011.2175919 -
計(jì)量
- 文章訪問(wèn)數(shù): 2263
- HTML全文瀏覽量: 828
- PDF下載量: 67
- 被引次數(shù): 0
下載:
