高速公路多路段狀態(tài)聯(lián)合估計方法
A New Estimation Method for Multi-section Traffic States of Freeway
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摘要: 為了準確估計高速公路多個路段的交通狀態(tài)，該文通過分析高速公路的路段宏觀模型，提出了一種新的多路段誤差狀態(tài)方程。在該模型中，考慮了各路段交通密度、平均速度估計誤差的傳播。通過該模型，可以采用推廣Kalman濾波方法進行多路段的交通狀態(tài)估計。為了克服多路段狀態(tài)方程的維數(shù)災、提高計算效率并增強數(shù)值穩(wěn)定性，根據(jù)系統(tǒng)矩陣分塊的特點，該文采用了平方根濾波方法。仿真計算和實際應用表明，該文方法不僅避免了估計誤差的積累效應，而且大大提高了多路段交通狀態(tài)估計的計算效率。Abstract: To accurately estimate multi-section traffic states of freeway, a new multi-section error state equations are built up. In the new model, error propagations of both the traffic density and the average velocity are considered and the extended Kalman filter is used to estimate all traffic states. To avoid a series of high-dimension problems, a modified weighted Gram-Schmidt orthogonal U-D factorization method is used for the time update and measurement update of the extended Kalman filter to get high numerical stability and computational efficiency. Considered the structure of system matrix, block matrix is used in U-D factorization algorithm. Results of simulation to 100 section states of freeway and actual application show that the new method can be efficiently used to estimate and predict freeway traffic flows.
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