量子密鑰分配及其無條件的安全證據(jù)
Quantum key distribution and its unconditional security proof
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摘要: 量子密碼學(xué)因密鑰分配而眾所周知,然而早先提出的量子密鑰分配的安全證據(jù)包含許多技術(shù)困難。該文提出了一個(gè)概念更為簡(jiǎn)明的量子密鑰分配的安全證據(jù)。此外,研究中還發(fā)現(xiàn),在隱形傳輸下,因?yàn)楦淖兞朔瞧椒舱`差的模型序列,所以隱形傳輸信道的誤差率與正被傳輸?shù)男盘?hào)無關(guān)。為此,將這一事實(shí)與最近提出的量子到經(jīng)典的約簡(jiǎn)定理相結(jié)合。在討論中,假定通信雙方Alice和Bob有容錯(cuò)的量子計(jì)算機(jī),結(jié)果表明:在任意長(zhǎng)的距離上,即使面臨各種竊聽攻擊及各種噪聲存在的情況下,量子密鑰分配依然具有無條件的安全特征。
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關(guān)鍵詞:
- 量子密碼學(xué); 量子密鑰分配; 隱形傳輸信道; 竊聽
Abstract: Quantum cryptography is best known for key distribution. However, previous proposed proofs of security of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) contain various technical subtleties. In this paper, a conceptually simpler proof of security of QKD is proposed. Also, the error rate of a teleportation channel has no concern with the signal being transmitted. This is because the non-trivial error patterns are permuted under teleportation. This inherent fact is combined with the recently proposed quantum to classical reduction theorem. In the argument, supposed Alice and Bob to have fault-tolerant quantum computer, the result shows that QKD can be made unconditionally secure over arbitrarily long distances even against the most general type of eavesdropping attacks and in the presence of all types of noises. -
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