對傅氏等實(shí)現(xiàn)麥克斯韋設(shè)想的研究工作的分析
AN ANALYSIS OF FU S WORK REALIZING MAXWELL S DEMON
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摘要: 1979年,上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)報發(fā)表了傅信鏞等同志關(guān)于實(shí)現(xiàn)麥克斯韋設(shè)想的理論探討及實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,作者宣稱已經(jīng)獲得了一個永恒的電流,也就是實(shí)現(xiàn)了第二類永動機(jī)。交大學(xué)報在編者按中希望引起有關(guān)學(xué)術(shù)界的廣泛討論并予以檢驗(yàn)。 本文對傅氏等的研究進(jìn)行分析,得到了下述結(jié)論:(1)傅氏實(shí)驗(yàn)中,磁場控制的是電子集團(tuán)的流動,并沒有將電子分為高速的與低速的兩類,故它不是司門小妖。整個實(shí)驗(yàn)中進(jìn)行的是極大量粒子的集體流動過程,這完全屬于熱力學(xué)的管轄領(lǐng)域;(2)傅氏裝置中出現(xiàn)的電流,其實(shí)是真空二極管中的初速電流;(3)初速電流實(shí)際上是改變了形式的湯姆生熱電效應(yīng),它需要一個熱庫與一個冷庫,完全遵從熱力學(xué)第二定律;(4)磁場的作用只是通過控制電子的集團(tuán)運(yùn)動,使裝置中出現(xiàn)些微的整流作用。沒有這個整流作用,初速電子流將相互抵消而不能形成電流。
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關(guān)鍵詞:
Abstract: In 1979, Fu and his colleagues presented their work of realizing Maxwall's demon, theoretically and experimentally, in Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University. Fu declared that a permanent current was obtained in their device. This means that a new machine of the seeond kind of perpetual motion have been invented.In this paper, the author gives a detail anslysis of Fu's work, and the following conclusions have been obtained: (1) In Fu's experiment, the object controlled by the magnetic field was the mass-motion of electrons, not the individual electron. Magnetic field did not separate electrons individually into high-speed group and low-speed group, for this reason, it is not a demon. The process which occured in the whole experiment was a mass-flowing process of numerous amount of particules. this must be belong to the area of thermodynamics. (2) The current flowing in Fu's device is actually the initial velocity current of a vacuum diode. (3) The initial velocity current is in turn a changed form of Thomson thermoelectric effect, which necessitates a hot tank and a cold tank to work, obeying the second law of thermodynamics. (4) The role of action of the magnetic field is to control the mass-motion of electrons, causing a weak rectification effect in the device. The current should vanish if there is no this effect, as the initial-velocity elelctrons should eliminates each other. -
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